HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
Toxicology • Methyl bromide is highly toxic(ATSDR, 1992). • Methyl bromide is odorless and nonirritating, a lacrimator (an agent that irritates the eyes and causes tearing), chloropicrin, is often added …
Read MoreSpecific Management
INORGANIC SULFUR
Toxicology • Sulfur has low toxic potential (rat oral LD50 of greater than 5,000 mg/kg), and poses very little if any risk to human and animal health (Extoxnet, 1995) • …
Read MoreINORGANIC ARSENICAL
Toxicology • The primary routes of arsenic exposure are ingestion and inhalation (HPA, 2007;ATSDR, 2009) • The more efficiently absorbed forms of arsenic the more toxic it is, while those …
Read MoreDIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES
Toxicology • Oxyfluorfen inhibits hemoglobin synthesis at concentration that have no adverse effect on cellular proliferation (NLM HSDB database, 2007) • Diphenyl ether herbicides are protox inhibitors ie inhibit protophorphyrinogen …
Read MoreCARBOXAMIDE
Toxicology • Hexythiazox is rapidly absorbed, distributed and excreted primarily in faeces ( about 70%)while the rest in urine(IPCS Inchem;EFSA, 2010) • The oral absorption has been estimated at 30% …
Read MoreQUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Toxicology • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are poorly absorbed by oral route and therefore relatively large amounts are eliminated in faeces (Craig & Stitzel, 1994 cited by IPCS, 1999) • …
Read MorePYRAZOLE INSECTICIDES
Toxicology • Moderate oral toxicity was observed in rats and mice, with LD50 values ranging from 245 to 520 mg/kg bw(IPCS INCHEM) • Fenpyroximate and tebufenpyrad are well absorbed in …
Read MoreAVERMECTINS
Toxicology Macrocyclic lactones (macrolides) include 2 groups: avermectins and milbemycins, which were first isolated in 1975 from Streptomyces avermitilis isolated from the soil. Eight different structures were isolated and divided …
Read MoreTHIADIAZINE
Toxicology • Applaud was not very toxic, irritating or caused skin sensitization following acute exposures in laboratory animals Clinical Manifestation • Depression (Env. Health & Toxicology, 2008) • Muscular in-coordination …
Read More