Toxicology
- Macrocyclic lactones (macrolides) include 2 groups: avermectins and milbemycins, which were first isolated in 1975 from Streptomyces avermitilis isolated from the soil.
- Eight different structures were isolated and divided into four major components (A1a, A2a, B1a, and B2a) and four minor components (A1b, A2b, B1b, and B2b). Compounds of the B series are extremely effective against helminths and arthropods.
The avermectins include abamectin (Avermectin B1), ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin, and selamectin. The milbemycins consist of moxidectin, milbemycin, and nemadectin. - The structures of avermectins are similar to antibacterial macrolides and antifungal macrocyclic polygenes but differ . . .
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