ISOXAZOLE HERBICIDES
Toxicology • Clomazone and isoxaflutole exhibits low mammalian toxicity, the acute oral LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b (Shah PV and Solecki RA, 2013;Van SAR and …
Read MoreAcute Toxic Agents
These are toxicants that cause severe to moderately severe adverse effects on single exposure. The effects are oftentimes seen within hrs or few days after exposure.
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Toxicology Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are generally classified into two groups: dihydropyridines (nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine,clevidipine etc) and non-dihydropyridines (verapamil, diltiazem). Calcium has a prominent role in cardiovascular function. The flow …
Read MoreHALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
Toxicology • Methyl bromide is highly toxic(ATSDR, 1992). • Methyl bromide is odorless and nonirritating, a lacrimator (an agent that irritates the eyes and causes tearing), chloropicrin, is often added …
Read MoreINORGANIC SULFUR
Toxicology • Sulfur has low toxic potential (rat oral LD50 of greater than 5,000 mg/kg), and poses very little if any risk to human and animal health (Extoxnet, 1995) • …
Read MoreINORGANIC ARSENICAL
Toxicology • The primary routes of arsenic exposure are ingestion and inhalation (HPA, 2007;ATSDR, 2009) • The more efficiently absorbed forms of arsenic the more toxic it is, while those …
Read MoreDIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES
Toxicology • Oxyfluorfen inhibits hemoglobin synthesis at concentration that have no adverse effect on cellular proliferation (NLM HSDB database, 2007) • Diphenyl ether herbicides are protox inhibitors ie inhibit protophorphyrinogen …
Read MoreCARBOXAMIDE
Toxicology • Hexythiazox is rapidly absorbed, distributed and excreted primarily in faeces ( about 70%)while the rest in urine(IPCS Inchem;EFSA, 2010) • The oral absorption has been estimated at 30% …
Read MoreQUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Toxicology • Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are poorly absorbed by oral route and therefore relatively large amounts are eliminated in faeces (Craig & Stitzel, 1994 cited by IPCS, 1999) • …
Read MorePYRAZOLE INSECTICIDES
Toxicology • Moderate oral toxicity was observed in rats and mice, with LD50 values ranging from 245 to 520 mg/kg bw(IPCS INCHEM) • Fenpyroximate and tebufenpyrad are well absorbed in …
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