Acute Toxic Agents
These are toxicants that cause severe to moderately severe adverse effects on single exposure. The effects are oftentimes seen within hrs or few days after exposure.
PHOSPHONATES
Toxicology The mechanism of toxicity of glyphosate in mammals is unknown, but may be the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (Beswick and Millo, 2011). Mechanisms of toxicity of glyphosate formulations are …
Read MorePARACETAMOL
Toxicology Paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine (Peak serum conc within 1–2 hrs for standard tablet and within 30 minutes for liquid preparations (Ministry of Health of Singapore, …
Read MoreBeta-KETONITRILE
Toxicology • Beta-ketonitriles includes Cyenopyrafen, Cyflumetofen. Beta-ketonitrile group is highly selective and causes poisoning through inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport complex II enzyme within mite cells. Since complex II, …
Read MoreCYCLOHEXENONE DERIVATIVES
Toxicology The cyclohexanediones has-been shown to inhibit lipid biosynthesis in plants possibly through inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase involved in fatty acid synthesis (Secor and Cseke, 1988). Cyclohexanediones includes alloxydim butroxydim …
Read MoreHYDROGEN CYANIDE
Toxicology Hydrogen cyanide, a highly volatile, colourless, and extremely poisonous liquid (boiling point 26° C). Hydrogen cyanide and its compounds are used for many chemical processes, including fumigation, the case …
Read MoreQUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOID
Toxicology • Cytisine, a tricyclic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Baptisia, Cytisus, Laburnum, and Sophora species, has nicotinelike effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). • …
Read MorePYRETHRINS & PYRETHROID
Toxicology • Pyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins. Pyrethroids can be Type I(e.g., allethrin, resmethrin, D-phenothrin, and permethrin) or Type II (e.g., deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and fenvalerate) based on …
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