Snakebite Envenomation & Management
Toxicology The composition of snake venom from a single species of venomous snake can consist of up to 100 different toxic elements, including enzymes (constituting 80-90% of viperid; 25-70% of …
Read MoreChemical Class
This is the category based on a number of factors including chemical structure or the mechanism of action or toxicity.
INFORMATION that is provided includes the toxicology of the compounds in this class, as well as the clinical manifestations and management of acute toxicity.
BIPYRIDYL HERBICIDES
Toxicology Bipyridyl (or bipyridinium) herbicides are quaternary ammonium compounds marketed as contact herbicides and desiccants (Eddleston M. 2016). Bipyridyl herbicides-diquat and paraquat-exist as divalent cations found as dibromide or dichloride …
Read MoreBETA-RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
Toxicology Beta-blockers act as competitive inhibitors of catecholamines at both central and peripheral receptors. Blockade of beta-receptors results in decreased production of intracellular cAMP which in turn suppresses multiple metabolic …
Read MoreVITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS
Toxicology Superwarfarins such as brodifacoum, bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, difenacoum and difethialone are long acting, odourless, tasteless and colourless hydroxycoumarin rodenticides. They affect regeneration of Vit K. Reduced vitamin K (hydroquinone) is a …
Read MoreANTIHISTAMINES
Toxicology Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) are commonly found in medications used for motion sickness, control of allergy-related itching and sleep aids. H1 blocker antihistamines are structurally related to histamine and inhibit the …
Read MoreNAPTHOQUINONE
Toxicology The possible mechanisms of naphthoquinone-induced toxicity is through extensive depletion of intracellular glutothion (GSH). Dicoumarol compound potentiates its cytotoxicity. Depletion of GSH results from the propensity for naphthoquinones to …
Read MoreQUINAZOLINE INSECTICIDES
Toxicology includes Pyrifluquinazon and Fenazaquin Fenazaquin is moderately acutely toxic (LD50 134-138 mg/kg ) (EPA, 2007) Most of ingested fenazaquin is excreted primarily in the feces and a little in …
Read MoreIMINOSTILBENE DERIVATIVE
Toxicology Cabamazepne is an antiepileptic drug also used for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar affective disorder. Its absorption is erratic with a peak plasma levels in 4-8 hours postingestion. …
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