SUBSTITUTED UREA
Toxicology • The urea-derivatives are typical pre-emergence herbicides applied usually as aqueous emulsions to the surface of soil. Almost all of the urea compounds with good herbicidal action are trisubstituted …
Read MoreChemical Class
This is the category based on a number of factors including chemical structure or the mechanism of action or toxicity.
INFORMATION that is provided includes the toxicology of the compounds in this class, as well as the clinical manifestations and management of acute toxicity.
STROBILURINS
Toxicology • Inhibits cytochrome complex and thus antagonizes electron transfer that finally causes inhibition of mitochondrial respiration( Roberts and Reigart, 2013) • They produce relatively low toxicity; most strobilurins report …
Read MoreIRON SALTS
Toxicology Acute iron toxicity is usually seen in children less than 5 years of age who present with accidental ingestion of iron supplements. The main causes of iron poisoning in adults …
Read MoreIMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES
Toxicology Imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazapyr, Imazapic, imazethapyr, and imazamox belong to a class of synthetic compounds called imidazolinone herbicides with a carboxylic acid group attached to the backbone Imidazolinones show low toxicity …
Read MorePHENYLPYRAZOLE
Toxicology • Inhibits the passage of chloride ions through GABA-gated chloride channels, resulting in neuronal hyper-excitability (Roberts and Reigart, 2013). • It’s rapidly absorbed from the GIT and the rapidly …
Read MoreARYLOXYPHENOXY COMPOUNDS
Toxicology Aryloxyphenoxypropionates, a subfamily of the aromatic carboxylic acid family (including 2,4-D, dicamba)(Herbicides, 1997). Absorption of aryloxyphenoxypropionates (ArOPPs) are very rapid in animals by oral route Animals rapidly de-esterify ester …
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ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Toxicology Based on the substituent attached to the phosphorus via a double bond, organophosphorus compounds (OPs) can be divided into phosphates (P=O) or phosphorothioates (P=S) (Costa GL 2008) Most OPs …
Read MoreTRIAZOLINONE
Toxicology • The technical grade Amicarbazone (active ingredient only) exhibits low acute toxici profile of LD50 (Males) = 1300 mg/kg and LD 50 (Females) = 1015 mg/kg (California Environmental Protection …
Read MoreALKYLPHENOLS
Toxicology • Alkylphenol ethoxylates are non-ionic surfactants (Warhurst AM, 1995) • Alkylphenols includes nonylphenol (most predominant) and octylphenol (Warhurst AM, 1995; Kayama et al., 2003) • Alkylphenol ethoxylates are biodegraded …
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