PARACETAMOL
Toxicology Paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the small intestine (Peak serum conc within 1–2 hrs for standard tablet and within 30 minutes for liquid preparations (Ministry of Health of Singapore, …
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Beta-KETONITRILE
Toxicology • Beta-ketonitriles includes Cyenopyrafen, Cyflumetofen. Beta-ketonitrile group is highly selective and causes poisoning through inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport complex II enzyme within mite cells. Since complex II, …
Read MoreCYCLOHEXENONE DERIVATIVES
Toxicology The cyclohexanediones has-been shown to inhibit lipid biosynthesis in plants possibly through inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase involved in fatty acid synthesis (Secor and Cseke, 1988). Cyclohexanediones includes alloxydim butroxydim …
Read MoreHYDROGEN CYANIDE
Toxicology Hydrogen cyanide, a highly volatile, colourless, and extremely poisonous liquid (boiling point 26° C). Hydrogen cyanide and its compounds are used for many chemical processes, including fumigation, the case …
Read MoreQUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOID
Toxicology • Cytisine, a tricyclic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Baptisia, Cytisus, Laburnum, and Sophora species, has nicotinelike effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). • …
Read MorePYRETHRINS & PYRETHROID
Toxicology • Pyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins. Pyrethroids can be Type I(e.g., allethrin, resmethrin, D-phenothrin, and permethrin) or Type II (e.g., deltamethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and fenvalerate) based on …
Read MoreISOXAZOLE HERBICIDES
Toxicology • Clomazone and isoxaflutole exhibits low mammalian toxicity, the acute oral LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg b (Shah PV and Solecki RA, 2013;Van SAR and …
Read MoreCALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Toxicology Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are generally classified into two groups: dihydropyridines (nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine,clevidipine etc) and non-dihydropyridines (verapamil, diltiazem). Calcium has a prominent role in cardiovascular function. The flow …
Read MoreHALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS
Toxicology • Methyl bromide is highly toxic(ATSDR, 1992). • Methyl bromide is odorless and nonirritating, a lacrimator (an agent that irritates the eyes and causes tearing), chloropicrin, is often added …
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