Specific Management
IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES
Toxicology Imazaquin, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazapyr, Imazapic, imazethapyr, and imazamox belong to a class of synthetic compounds called imidazolinone herbicides with a carboxylic acid group attached to the backbone Imidazolinones show low toxicity …
Read MorePHENYLPYRAZOLE
Toxicology • Inhibits the passage of chloride ions through GABA-gated chloride channels, resulting in neuronal hyper-excitability (Roberts and Reigart, 2013). • It’s rapidly absorbed from the GIT and the rapidly …
Read MoreARYLOXYPHENOXY COMPOUNDS
Toxicology Aryloxyphenoxypropionates, a subfamily of the aromatic carboxylic acid family (including 2,4-D, dicamba)(Herbicides, 1997). Absorption of aryloxyphenoxypropionates (ArOPPs) are very rapid in animals by oral route Animals rapidly de-esterify ester …
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ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Toxicology Based on the substituent attached to the phosphorus via a double bond, organophosphorus compounds (OPs) can be divided into phosphates (P=O) or phosphorothioates (P=S) (Costa GL 2008) Most OPs …
Read MoreTRIAZOLINONE
Toxicology • The technical grade Amicarbazone (active ingredient only) exhibits low acute toxici profile of LD50 (Males) = 1300 mg/kg and LD 50 (Females) = 1015 mg/kg (California Environmental Protection …
Read MoreALKYLPHENOLS
Toxicology • Alkylphenol ethoxylates are non-ionic surfactants (Warhurst AM, 1995) • Alkylphenols includes nonylphenol (most predominant) and octylphenol (Warhurst AM, 1995; Kayama et al., 2003) • Alkylphenol ethoxylates are biodegraded …
Read MoreHYPOCHLORITE
Toxicology Calcium hypochlorite is generally available as a white powder, pellets, or flat plates. It decomposes readily in water or when heated, releasing oxygen and chlorine (ATSDR, 2014) Sodium hypochlorite …
Read MoreINORGANIC PHOSPHIDES
Toxicology The most common cause of severe toxicity with inorganic phosphides in humans are due to ingestion of aluminium phosphide (ALP) and Zinc phosphide. Inhalational and absorption through eyes, skin …
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