Poison Management
BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS
Toxicology Beta-2 adrenergic agonists includes Bitolterol, Formoterol, Metaproterenol, Pirbuterol, Salbutamol (Albuterol), Salmeterol, Terbutaline among others • beta-2receptor agonists causes increased heart rate in sinoatrial node (SA node) in addition to …
Read MoreBENZONITRILE HERBICIDES
Toxicology • Some nitriles such as Bromoxynil Octanoate are moderately acutely toxic (Oral LD50, 50-500 mg/kg) (Kegley et al 2014). • The principal toxic action of the benzonitriles eg Bromoxynil …
Read MoreCHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS
Toxicology Chlorophenoxy herbicides contain an aliphatic carboxylic acid moiety attached to a chlorine-or-methyl-substituted aromatic ring. Representative compounds of this class include 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy propionic acid; 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic …
Read MoreCOPPER SALTS & ORGANIC COMPLEXES
Toxicology • Copper sulphate is a powerful oxidizing agent and a corrosive acid to mucous membranes (Saravu et al 2007). • The soluble copper salts such as CuSO4 show limited …
Read MoreSnakebite Envenomation & Management
Toxicology The composition of snake venom from a single species of venomous snake can consist of up to 100 different toxic elements, including enzymes (constituting 80-90% of viperid; 25-70% of …
Read MoreBIPYRIDYL HERBICIDES
Toxicology Bipyridyl (or bipyridinium) herbicides are quaternary ammonium compounds marketed as contact herbicides and desiccants (Eddleston M. 2016). Bipyridyl herbicides-diquat and paraquat-exist as divalent cations found as dibromide or dichloride …
Read MoreBETA-RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
Toxicology Beta-blockers act as competitive inhibitors of catecholamines at both central and peripheral receptors. Blockade of beta-receptors results in decreased production of intracellular cAMP which in turn suppresses multiple metabolic …
Read MoreVITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS
Toxicology Superwarfarins such as brodifacoum, bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, difenacoum and difethialone are long acting, odourless, tasteless and colourless hydroxycoumarin rodenticides. They affect regeneration of Vit K. Reduced vitamin K (hydroquinone) is a …
Read MoreANTIHISTAMINES
Toxicology Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) are commonly found in medications used for motion sickness, control of allergy-related itching and sleep aids. H1 blocker antihistamines are structurally related to histamine and inhibit the …
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