Toxicology
• Phenothiazines includes the following medicines:
•Chlorpromazine
•Fluphenazine
•Haloperidol
•Promethazin
Their therapeutic action is thought to be chiefly by antagonism of central dopaminergic (D2 receptor) neurotransmission, in addition to antagonist effects at muscarinic, serotonergic, alpha1-adrenergic, and H1-histaminergic receptors.
The toxic effects result from CNS depression and electro encephalographic (EEG) changes in the subcortical sites (cause seizures ; its strong α-adrenergic blocking actions (causes orthostatic hypotension ); in addition to the weak antimuscarinic effects (causes toxic-confusional state, delays gastric motility and absorption) (IPCS, chlorpromazine, Ministry of Health of Singapore, 2011).
Inhibition of dopaminergic neurones in the basal ganglia is responsible . . .
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