There are three subtypes of β-adrenergic receptors (β1, β2 and β3) that mediate a wide range of physiological responses to the adrenergic agonists adrenaline and noradrenaline. These receptors are the target of beta adrenergic blockers (aka beta blockers) used in the management of cardiovascular diseases .
Beta-blockers are used to treat hypertension, dysrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, and systolic congestive heart failure. Other less common indications include anxiety, prophylaxis of migraine headache and stage fright.
Beta adrenergic receptor inhibition at β-1 adrenergic receptors causes reduced heart rate, conduction velocity and contractility. Non-selective β-blockers also antagonize beta-2 receptors, causing . . .
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