Toxicology
• Most ingested spinosym are rapidly absorbed (peak blood conc in 1-6hrs) and eliminated primarily by faecal route. In one study, faecal excretion accounted for 85–88% of the administered dose in males and 81–82% in females, mostly within the first 24 h, while 6–10% of the dose was excreted in the urine (IPCS, 2001;Bunch et al, 2014)
• The calculated LD50 of the technical grade in male rats is 3700 mg/kg bw, that is low acute mammalian toxicity (IPCS, 2001;Yano et al, 2002)
• Spinosyns bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and GABA receptors by . . .
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