it is also known as acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy or portosystemic encephalopathy.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) specifically refers to an encephalopathy occurring in patients with acute liver failure, a portosystemic shunt, or chronic liver disease. It is generally regarded as a reversible condition. It results from exposure of the brain to excessive amounts of ammonia.
Ammonia and inflammation are major precipitants of HE, which in patients with liver cirrhosis involves cerebral oedema with oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation and disturbances of brainwaves (Häussinger et al., 2022).
Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by some neuropsychiatric abnormalities resulting from the accumulation . . .
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