Paracelsus nicely stated: “All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous”
Inappropriate administration of intravenous fluids — either the incorrect volume (too much or too little) or the incorrect type of fluid — is a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality.
While dehydration will lead to hypoperfusion, kidney failure and eventually cell death, excessive administration of fluid is also associated with complications like congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema (presents with a cough (producing a pink, frothy sputum) and respiratory distress — often worse when lying down), delayed wound healing, tissue breakdown, and . . .
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