- Pharmaceuticals (i.e., phenothiazines, paracetamol, tricyclic antidepresants)
- Pesticides ( i.e., acaricides, insecticides, herbicides and some fungicides)
- Chemicals (i.e., petroleum products, Copper sulphate)
- Plants (i.e., cassava, mushrooms, Atropa plant)
- Bites and stings (i.e., insects, snakes, animals)
- Gases and fumes (i.e., smoke inhalation)
- Food poisoning
