Penoxsulam is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide herbicide widely used for weed control in rice crops and aquatic environments. It acts by inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) in plants, but mammals lack this enzyme, so toxicity in humans and animals arises from non‑specific cellular interactions, metabolic stress, or mucosal irritation (MedInfo World, 2026).
Acute toxicity studies show penoxsulam has low hazard potential: oral, dermal, and inhalation LD₅₀ values are high (>5,000 mg/kg in rats), with only mild skin and eye irritation and no evidence of sensitisation (EFSA Scientific Report, 2009). Toxicokinetic data reveal rapid absorption (>80% orally), limited . . .
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