Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory disorder of superficial veins which causes blood clot formation and blockage of one or more veins, especially in the limb. It is a significant vascular disorder encountered in inpatient settings. Thrombophlebitis causes patient discomfort and occlusion of the intravenous catheters, both requiring removal and re-siting of the catheter (Czysz and Higbee, 2023; Aditya et al., 2025).
Infusion-related phlebitis is a common complication of intravenous administration that greaimpact negatively both patients and healthcare institutions.
Thrombophlebitis is broadly classified into superficial Thrombophlebitis (ST) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) depending on the location of the affected veins . . .
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